An Overview of Anxiety Disorders

Imagine waking up in the morning with a heavy weight on your chest, dreading the day ahead for no apparent reason. Picture sitting in a meeting, feeling your heart race and your palms sweat, consumed by a fear that seems out of proportion to the situation. Living life feeling like everything’s about to crumble soon – terrible news to befall you, an accident right around the corner, losing everything you’ve ever worked for. 

That’s what it’s like to live in anxiety. And did you know that 3 million Australians have anxiety? 

If you're reading this, you have probably experienced one or more of these situations. Or perhaps you’re worried that someone you care about might be navigating these challenges. If that’s the case, then it’s best to consult a professional once you’re done reading this article. You can book a consultation with a MeHelp expert, to discuss your anxieties. 

In this article, we’ll give you a detailed overview of what anxiety disorders are. 

What is Anxiety Disorder?

To understand anxiety and anxiety disorders better, we need to first know the difference between the two. 

“Anxiety refers to anticipation of a future concern. It typically shows up as muscle tension and avoidance behaviour. It’s closely related to fear, which is a response to an immediate threat” says Dr. Daniel White, one of MeHelp’s experts.

“Anxiety disorder on the other hand is a condition of excessive anxiety and worry that occurs more days than not, for at least 6 months. These emotions are usually tied to a number of events or activities such as work, school, or everyday life.” Dr. White continues, when asked about the difference between anxiety and anxiety disorder.

To sum it up, anxiety disorders are more than just occasional worries or stress (anxiety). They're a complex web of feelings that can entangle every part of your life, making everyday tasks feel overwhelming. It’s like living life walking with a shadow of fear and doubt always following you. Making you second guess everything. Putting you on high alert, feeling something bad’s about to happen. Always expecting that everything will go wrong.

What are the types of Anxiety Disorders?

As we mentioned above, anxiety disorders are much more complex than worries. They’re a prolonged condition wherein a person experiences anxieties on a regular basis. That being said, there are more than one type of anxiety disorder that people can experience. Here are the most prevalent anxiety disorders found among patients.  

Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Generalised Anxiety Disorder is characterised by persistent worry about almost every single thing in your life. Imagine living in a constant state of worry, where even the smallest uncertainties trigger a cascade of anxious thoughts. This is the reality for people with GAD. 

They experience excessive worry about a wide range of topics, including work, health, family, and finances. Often, these worries aren’t proportionate to the cause – over-exaggerating outcomes of certain events. The relentless nature of these worries can lead to physical symptoms such as muscle tension, fatigue, and difficulty concentrating.

Phobias

Phobias on the other hand are intense, irrational fears of specific objects, situations, or activities. Unlike common fears, phobias provoke an extreme reaction, often prompting individuals to go to great lengths to avoid their fears. This is why you encounter people who go hysterical (or even faint) when exposed to something they fear – like heights, flying on aeroplanes, and driving cars.

Social Anxiety Disorder

Social Anxiety is more than just feeling nervous in social situations. It's a deep-seated fear of judgement from other people or embarrassment. This results in avoidance of social situations. Imagine going to a party and feeling like everyone is staring at you, scrutinising your every move. This fear can be paralysing, leading some people to avoid social interactions altogether.

Panic Disorder

Panic Disorder is characterised by sudden, intense episodes of fear known as panic attacks. These attacks can come out of nowhere, making you feel like you're having a heart attack or going crazy. One minute you're fine, and the next, you're gasping for air and clutching your chest. Although it might feel like a medical emergency caused by a physical ailment, it’s actually a mental response to fear. This makes panic attacks incredibly frightening. Which may lead to a fear of having more attacks in the future.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

PTSD is also known as shell shock and combat fatigue because of its close associations to soldiers coming home from war. But PTSD is not just experienced by veterans. Instead, anyone can experience PTSD after going through a traumatic event such as a car accident, physical assault, or natural disaster. This is especially true when they are not able to process their emotions (usually their grief) properly. Individuals with PTSD may experience intrusive memories, nightmares, flashbacks, and intense emotional distress related to the traumatic event. As a result, they might avoid similar situations, or events that are related to the traumatic event. 

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

OCD is a disorder where people experience recurring intrusive thoughts, ideas, or sensations (obsessions). So to ease these obsessions, they develop repetitive behaviours or mental acts (compulsions). These compulsions act as a pacifier for them. Individuals with OCD engage in these compulsions to alleviate anxiety or prevent perceived harm. OCD can significantly interfere with various aspects of daily life, including work, relationships, and self-esteem. That’s because they may spend hours each day performing rituals, which can disrupt daily routines, engagements, and activities. Additionally, OCD can lead to feelings of shame, embarrassment, and isolation.

What are the Symptoms of Anxiety Disorders?

Although there are several types of anxiety disorders, most of them share common signs and symptoms. Recognising these signals can help you see whether you or your loved ones are experiencing some kind of anxiety disorder. 

Unexplained body aches & pains

Physical symptoms like muscle tension, tightness, or soreness, especially in the neck, shoulders, or back, are common in anxiety disorder. That’s because our body tenses up as a defensive mechanism. This puts a lot of strain on our muscles, making us feel achy and tired. 

Experiencing panic attacks‍

Sudden and intense episodes of fear or panic, known as panic attacks, are common in anxiety disorder. Symptoms include rapid heartbeat, sweating, trembling, and shortness of breath. These attacks usually happen out of the blue, but it can also be triggered by an event. 

Constant stream of worried thoughts

Experiencing persistent and excessive worry about various aspects of life is a common sign of anxiety disorder. This could include constant thoughts about work deadlines, financial struggles, health concerns, or relationship issues. 

Unable to be still

Many individuals with anxiety disorder experience feelings of restlessness or a constant sense of being on edge. This could manifest as an inability to relax, feeling jittery or tense, or being easily startled. 

Feeling irritable and agitated

One of the subtle behavioural signs of anxiety disorder is being constantly irritable. This comes from being in constant fight-or-flight mode, and excessive amounts of stress hormones in their blood. That’s why even the smallest things can make them angry.

Always being tired

Feeling tired or exhausted all the time is a common symptom of anxiety disorder. The constant worry and stress can drain one's energy levels, leaving them feeling physically and emotionally depleted. Moreover, since anxiety disorder also triggers sleep disruption, they’re unable to get a good night’s sleep. 

Brain fog, lack of focus, and cognitive difficulties

People experiencing anxiety disorders typically report a decline in cognitive functions. They tend to have trouble concentrating on tasks, remembering things, and coming up with new ideas. That’s because anxiety tends to limit brain function. 

Avoidance and isolation 

People with anxiety disorder may avoid situations or places that trigger their anxiety, leading to social isolation. 

What are the Causes of Anxiety Disorders?

Anxiety disorders can stem from various factors, including biological, environmental, and psychological influences. Understanding these causes is essential for effective management and prevention.

Biological Factors

Biological factors, such as genetics and brain chemistry imbalances can play a significant role in the development of anxiety disorders. This is similar to how we inherit certain physical traits from our parents like the colour of our hair and eyes, the shape of our nose, or our height. It’s also how certain medical conditions experienced by our parents and ancestors can be passed down to us. 

For instance, research shows a strong genetic component in anxiety disorders. Hence, Individuals with a family history of anxiety disorders are more likely to develop one themselves. 

Moreover, some people might experience brain chemistry imbalances. This is when our systems have more stress hormones than relaxed and happy ones. This imbalance can increase anxiety levels in the brain. 

Because of these biological factors we can see that anxiety disorders are just like any other physical injury and illness that we get.

Environmental Factors

Environmental factors can play a significant role in the development of anxiety disorders. Understanding these influences is crucial for identifying triggers and implementing effective interventions.

Traumatic experiences, such as abuse, neglect, or the death of a loved one, can trigger the onset of anxiety disorders. A  person who experienced childhood trauma, such as physical or emotional abuse, may develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) later in life. 

Being constantly stressed can cause anxiety disorders. That’s because it overwhelms our body’s natural ability to cope with pressure. This explains why people in high-pressure environments like demanding workplaces or rigorous academic settings, where deadlines are tight and expectations are high tend to develop anxiety disorders. 

Such high-pressure situations can lead to chronic stress. That’s because the body remains in a heightened state of alertness, perpetually preparing to fight or flee.

Aside from high-pressure situations like workplaces and schools or universities, stress from personal relationships or financial difficulties can cause anxiety disorders. That’s because stress from these situations tends to accumulate. Often leading to significant strain on one’s mental well-being. Over time, being in a constant state of stress can disrupt the balance of stress hormones in the body. Making people more likely to develop anxiety disorders. 

Another environmental trigger of anxiety is living in a chaotic neighbourhood. By being constantly exposed to loud noises, chaos, and even crime can heighten one’s sense of vulnerability and helplessness. It also keeps people in a constant state of fight or flight. 

Certain Personality Types

In addition, certain personality traits, such as perfectionism, high levels of sensitivity, or a tendency towards negative thinking, can increase vulnerability to anxiety. Individuals who strive for perfection in every aspect of their lives may experience heightened levels of stress and anxiety when faced with failure or criticism. 

Who is at Risk of Anxiety Disorder?

Those who have experienced traumatic events in their life

Previous traumatic experiences, such as physical or emotional abuse, accidents, or natural disasters, can increase the risk of developing an anxiety disorder. For instance, someone who has experienced childhood trauma, like abuse or neglect, may develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) later in life. 

Those who exposed in high-stress situations

Long-term exposure to stressful situations without adequate coping mechanisms can lead to the development of anxiety disorders. High-pressure environments, like demanding jobs, can contribute to chronic stress and exacerbate anxiety symptoms. 

People who have relatives with anxiety

Having a close relative with an anxiety disorder increases the likelihood of developing one. Genetic predisposition can significantly influence an individual's susceptibility to anxiety. If a parent or sibling has experienced panic disorder, there's a higher chance of developing similar symptoms due to shared genetic factors.

Ultimately, all of us are at risk of developing anxiety disorders because all of us might experience extreme and traumatic events in our lives, or be placed in high-pressure situations. That’s why it’s important to always seek help whenever we feel like life gets overwhelming. 

How are Anxiety Disorders Diagnosed? 

Living with anxiety can be incredibly challenging. In fact, 1 in 4 Australians will experience anxiety disorder at least once in their life. But, despite its prevalence, anxiety disorders often remain undiagnosed and untreated. It’s because of  factors like – social stigma and fear of judgment, not having resources, underplaying the severity of their condition. 

Diagnosing anxiety disorders typically involves a comprehensive evaluation by a mental health professional, which may include:

Evaluating anxiety disorder symptoms

The journey to diagnosis begins with recognising the symptoms. Anxiety disorders can manifest in various ways, with symptoms differing based on the type of anxiety disorder. If you suspect you our someone you care about has anxiety, here are some common symptoms to look out for:

• Excessive worry or fear.
• Restlessness or feeling on edge.
• Irritability.
• Muscle tension.
• Fatigue.
• Sleep disturbances.
• Panic attacks.
• Avoidance behaviours.
• Intrusive thoughts or compulsive behaviours.

For a detailed list of symptoms, you can visit this article we wrote on the signs and symptoms of anxiety disorders.

We recommend you observe these symptoms for a week or two. Keep a journal tracking how you feel, what your thoughts are, and how you’re reacting to the world around you. Observing the symptoms for a while helps you determine whether or not you’re just having a bad day. 

But if you’re experiencing extreme emotions, you can book an appointment with our team at MeHelp. You can get expert psychologist advice from one of our practitioners from wherever you are. 

Seeking Professional Help

If you suspect that you or someone you know may be struggling with an anxiety disorder, it's essential to seek professional help. Consulting with a mental health professional, such as our team at MeHelp who are trained to provide expert mental health care remotely, is the most effective way to obtain a diagnosis and appropriate treatment. We are trained to recognize the signs and symptoms of anxiety disorders and can provide a compassionate and thorough evaluation.

Comprehensive Evaluation

During the evaluation process, the mental health professional will conduct a comprehensive assessment to gather information about the individual's symptoms, medical history, and personal experiences. This evaluation may include:

• Detailed interview: A conversation to understand the nature and severity of symptoms, triggers, and how they impact daily life.
• Review of medical history: Exploring any previous mental health diagnoses, medical conditions, medications, and substance use.
• Screening tools: Use of questionnaires or screening tools to assess the presence and severity of anxiety symptoms.
• Physical examination: A physical examination to rule out any underlying medical conditions that may contribute to anxiety symptoms.

Ruling Out Other Conditions

Distinguishing anxiety disorders from other mental health conditions with similar symptoms is a crucial part of the diagnostic process. This is why we conduct a differential diagnosis to differentiate anxiety disorders from conditions such as depression, bipolar disorder, or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This involves carefully evaluating the individual's symptoms and history to arrive at an accurate diagnosis.

Diagnostic Criteria

We make our diagnosis based on specific criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), published by the American Psychiatric Association. The DSM-5 provides standardised criteria used by mental health professionals to diagnose mental health conditions. To receive a diagnosis of an anxiety disorder, an individual must meet the criteria specified for that particular disorder.

Treatment Planning

Once a diagnosis of an anxiety disorder is confirmed, we will work collaboratively with the patient to develop a personalised treatment plan. Treatment for anxiety disorders may include:

• Psychotherapy
• Medication
• Lifestyle changes
• Support groups

What are the Treatments Available for Anxiety Disorders?

Psychotherapy

Psychotherapy, also known as talk therapy, is a key component of treating anxiety disorders. This can be done through traditional face-to-face therapy or teletherapy. 

Different types of psychotherapy can be effective, including:

• Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Focuses on identifying and challenging irrational thoughts and beliefs that contribute to anxiety. Involves practical skills to manage symptoms and change behaviour patterns.
• Exposure Therapy: Gradually facing feared situations or objects in a controlled and safe environment. Reduces anxiety over time through repeated exposure.
• Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT): Combines mindfulness techniques with behavioural strategies. Helps individuals accept their thoughts and feelings without judgement and take actions aligned with their values.
• Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT): Teaches skills for emotion regulation, distress tolerance, interpersonal effectiveness, and mindfulness.
• Interpersonal Therapy (IPT): Addresses interpersonal issues and relationship problems that may contribute to anxiety.
• Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR): Incorporates mindfulness meditation and yoga practices to cultivate present-moment awareness and reduce stress.

It’s important to know that these therapies for anxiety disorders should be done with trained professionals for maximum effectivity. Our team at MeHelp, which is composed of registered psychologists, are all trained in the different types of therapy, so they can support our clients in whichever way works for them. 

Medication

Medication is often used in conjunction with psychotherapy to effectively manage anxiety symptoms. Medication is usually given in more extreme and hard to control conditions. Typical medications given to people with anxiety are anti-depressants, benzodiazepines, buspirone, beta-blockers, and anticonvulsants. These are given only to extreme cases of anxieties and should never be taken without a prescription from a licensed professional. 

Lifestyle Changes

In addition to therapy and medication, making lifestyle changes can also help reduce anxiety symptoms. This is why mental health professionals recommend: 

• Regular Exercise: Physical activity Releases endorphins that act as mood lifters and stress relievers. Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise most days.
• Healthy Sleep Habits: Establish a regular sleep schedule, practise good sleep hygiene, and create a relaxing bedtime routine.
• Stress Management: Techniques such as deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, and mindfulness meditation can help calm the mind and body.
• Limiting Caffeine and Alcohol: Both can worsen anxiety symptoms. Limit caffeine intake and be mindful of alcohol consumption.

Mental health professionals like our team at MeHelp can help you find the best lifestyle changes based on your anxiety, activities, and capabilities. This is one of the reasons why it’s important to work with professionals when determining lifestyle changes. Moreover, having a professional work with you can help with making it easier to adapt these new habits.  

Support Groups

Moreover, participating in support groups or seeking support from online communities can provide valuable encouragement and validation.

• Therapy Groups: Offer camaraderie and understanding, allowing individuals to share challenges, learn from others, and receive support in a safe environment.
• Online Support Communities: Provide additional opportunities to connect with others, share experiences, and access resources for managing anxiety.

Here are some of the organisations and support groups you can visit: 

• https://www.grow.org.au/
• https://www.neaminational.org.au/ 
• https://understandinganxiety.wayahead.org.au/ 
• https://toolkit.lifeline.org.au/
• https://www.blackdoginstitute.org.au/
• https://forums.beyondblue.org.au/
• https://saneforums.org/

Takeaway

Anxiety disorders are prevalent mental health conditions that can significantly affect your quality of life. They can cause distress, interfere with daily activities, and disrupt relationships. That’s why, it's important to remember that these disorders are treatable, and with proper diagnosis and treatment, you or your loved ones can learn to manage the symptoms effectively and lead fulfilling lives. Learn more about MeHelp's online psychologist services.

References:

• Beyond Blue. (n.d.). Understand anxiety. https://www.beyondblue.org.au/video-transcripts/what-is-anxiety
• Black Dog Institute. (n.d.). Signs of anxiety. Retrieved June 10, 2024, from https://www.blackdoginstitute.org.au/resources-support/anxiety/signs/
• Western Sydney University. (n.d.). Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Retrieved June 10, 2024, from https://www.westernsydney.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/1999440/Obsessive_Compulsive_Disorder_OCD.pdf
• Your Health in Mind. (n.d.). Anxiety disorders. Retrieved June 10, 2024, from https://www.yourhealthinmind.org/mental-illnesses-disorders/anxiety-disorders

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• Mayo Clinic. (n.d.). Social anxiety disorder: Symptoms & causes. Retrieved June 10, 2024, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/social-anxiety-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20353561
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• American Psychiatric Association. (n.d.). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Retrieved June 10, 2024, from https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/practice/dsm
• Anxiety and Depression Association of America. (n.d.). Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Retrieved June 10, 2024, from https://adaa.org/understanding-anxiety/generalized-anxiety-disorder-gad
• Anxiety and Depression Association of America. (n.d.). Panic disorder & agoraphobia. Retrieved June 10, 2024, from https://adaa.org/understanding-anxiety/panic-disorder-agoraphobia
• National Institute of Mental Health. (n.d.). Anxiety disorders. Retrieved June 10, 2024, from https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders/index.shtml
• National Institute of Mental Health. (n.d.). Phobias. Retrieved June 10, 2024, from https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/phobias/index.shtml
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